无线电综合测试仪校准装置的研究及其不确定度分析

This calibration device of radio comprehensive tester is studied and established in this paper. It solves the verification and calibration of a large number of general-purpose radio comprehensive testers. The calibration device consists of four calibration sub- systems and calibration software system, including RF generator, audio generator, audio analyzer and RF analyzer. It also researches on the configuration of standard equipment and analyzes the uncertainty of the calibration devices, ensuring accurate and reliable val- ue transfer.     

基于英飞凌TC275的整车控制器CCP协议底层驱动开发

针对以英飞凌TC275单片机为平台的整车控制器,进行控制器局域网络标定协议(controller area network calibration protocol,CCP)底层驱动程序的开发。依据CCP的需求开发了英飞凌TC275的控制器局域网络(controller area network,CAN)模块、系统定时器(system timer,STM)模块和FLASH模块的底层驱动程序,实现CCP标定系统的通信连接、数据上传、数据下载、数据存储等功能。为验证系统的性能,进行整车控制器的实际测试,测试结果表明:所开发的基于TC275单片机的CCP底层驱动程序能够实现CCP的功能要求。     

双离心机法线加速度计动态校准中三参数余弦算法实现及应用

在双离心机的线加速度计动态校准中,三参数余弦算法贯穿在幅频特性、相频特性以及幅值线性度的整个测试中。本文详细描述了三参数余弦算法的概念和推导过程,以及在双离心机线加速度计动态校准数据处理过程中三参数余弦算法的程序实现;介绍了在幅频特性和相频特性中关于采集点的选取方式,降低由于采集点选择方式不同对数据拟合精度造成的影响。选取某型线加速度计为例,利用双离心机进行动态校准,对采集得到的数据点进行曲线拟合并得到测试结果,验证了所编写的三参数余弦算法程序的可行性。     

基于协同优化算法的流速仪检定系统设计

提出了一种小型轻便的流速仪检定系统的设计方案,并运用改进的多学科协同优化方法求解各学科设计变量的最优解。首先介绍了算法思想及改进措施,并根据系统设计要求建立了各学科的设计变量、目标函数和约束条件；其次,运用遗传算法求解各学科设计变量的最优解,并根据优化结果完善了系统的设计方案,同时运用计算机仿真等方法验证了优化结果的可行性。结果表明,优化后的检定系统满足流体力学效应、匀速运动时间、系统重量等设计要求,同时证明了协同优化算法解决多学科设计优化问题的有效性。     

Comparison of joint angle,velocity and acceleration estimators for hydraulically actuated manipulators to a novel dynamical approach

Excavators are used for a wide range of applications like earthworks and material handling. Assistance systems are becoming more common to support the operator. For monitoring and control based assistance functions the angular position, velocity and acceleration of the joints from the working implement are required. Commercial systems often use inertial measurement units, consisting of triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes, to accomplish an estimation of those states. A novel joint angle, velocity and acceleration estimation for hydraulic manipulators is proposed and compared to state of the art methods. A decentralized kinematic filter using no information about the underlying system and a centralized kinematic filter taking the system kinematics into account are implemented as state of the art approaches. Both filters only use inertial measurement units to obtain information about the current state of the system. The novel centralized dynamic filter uses the same information as the centralized kinematic filter and extends it by a dynamic model containing additional information about the angular acceleration due to pressure readings of the hydraulic cylinders. Kalman filtering is used to combine the derived system and measurement models with the sensor information. The methods are evaluated on a material handling excavator for single and coupled movements of the working implement. The novel centralized dynamic filter enables improvements for the angular acceleration estimation compared to the decentralized and centralized kinematic filter. Less noise of the acceleration estimation and a better tracking of the actual acceleration are shown.     

电工钢磁性检测方法国家标准应用问题和解决方案

通过对电工钢交流磁性检测方法现行国家标准（爱泼斯坦方圈法和标准单片法）在应用中存在的问题进行了梳理和解析，认为主要问题包括次级电压波形失真时需修正比总损耗、约定的有效磁路长度并非实际有效磁路长度以及磁性测量系统校准方法缺失等，并提出了采用数字反馈控制技术控制次级电压波形无需修正比总损耗、取向硅钢单片法测量时采用475 mm有效磁路长度以及磁性测量系统综合校准方案等一些解决方案。     

水平方向上的大气透过率和热辐射计算模型研究

水平方向上的空气对流和复杂的地面状况会导致大气热辐射计算的不确定度增大，目标发射起始段的红外辐射特性测量有助于实现目标识别。因此，研究水平大气透过率和热辐射对目标的高精度红外辐射特性测量具有十分重要的意义。针对以上问题，首先借鉴垂直廓线理论建立了同层大气“水平温度廓线”模型，然后推导了水平方向计算大气透过率和热辐射的公式，并对其进行了实验验证。最后将MODTRAN软件计算和实验测量的大气热辐射结果进行了比较。实验结果表明，传统软件的热辐射计算精度为8.65% ，而本文方法的计算精度为4.91%。该实验说明，在水平方向上，这种算法是正确的。通过公式推导和实验验证说明了该方法的合理性，为水平方向大气透过率和热辐射的计算提供了一种新的思路。     

Investigating measurements of fine particle (PM2.5) emissions from the cooking of meals and mitigating exposure using a cooker hood

There is growing awareness that indoor exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects. Cooking is a key indoor source of PM_2.5 and an activity conducted daily in most homes. Population scale models can predict occupant exposures to PM_2.5, but these predictions are sensitive to the emission rates used. Reported emission rates are highly variable and are typically for the cooking of single ingredients and not full meals. Accordingly, there is a need to assess PM_2.5 emissions from the cooking of complete meals. Mean PM_2.5 emission rates and source strengths were measured for four complete meals. Temporal PM_2.5 concentrations and particle size distributions were recorded using an optical particle counter (OPC), and gravimetric sampling was used to determine calibration factors. Mean emission rates and source strengths varied between 0.54—3.7 mg/min and 15—68 mg, respectively, with 95% confidence. Using a cooker hood (apparent capture efficiency > 90%) and frying in non‐stick pans were found to significantly reduce emissions. OPC calibration factors varied between 1.5 and 5.0 showing that a single value cannot be used for all meals and that gravimetric sampling is necessary when measuring PM_2.5 concentrations in kitchens.     

基于参数预标定的长行程PMLSM无传感器控制

为了解决长行程定子不连续永磁直线同步电机存在的因无法全程安装位置传感器和不同动子和定子之间的电磁参数不固定所造成的控制性能下降的难题,提出一种在每一段定子内先进行参数标定,再进行速度控制的控制系统设计。首先,在动子进入过程中,对电机进行电磁参数标定,根据标定参数对控制器参数进行调整,以达到更好的控制效果。然后,使用无位置传感器控制系统使动子快速达到设定速度值并稳定运行。实验结果表明:动子进入过程参数标定精度分别为0.002Wb和0.000 4H;无位置传感器控制中位置估计精度为0.63mm,速度收敛时间为0.45s,稳态误差为0.02m/s。基本满足永磁直线同步电机用于长行程运输的控制快速性、稳定性等要求。